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The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the
last half of the 18th century in which the Thirteen Colonies among the
possessions in North America of the Kingdom of Great Britain at first
rejected the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and later
the British monarchy itself, to become the sovereign United States of
America. In this period the colonies first rejected the authority of
the Parliament to govern them without representation, expelled all
royal officials and set up thirteen Provincial Congresses or equivalent
to form individual self-governing states. Through representatives sent
to the Second Continental Congress, they originally joined together to
defend their respective self-governance and manage the armed conflict
against the British known as the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783,
also American War of Independence). The states ultimately determined
collectively that the British monarchy, by acts of tyranny, could no
longer legitimately claim their allegiance. They then united to form
one nation, breaking away from the British Empire in July 1776 when the
Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, rejecting the monarchy
on behalf of the United States of America. The war ended with effective
American victory in October 1781, followed by formal British
abandonment of any claims to the United States with the Treaty of Paris
in 1783.
The American Revolution commenced a series of
intellectual, political, and social shifts in early American society
and government. The development of republicanism in the United States
was particularly significant, including installation of a
representative government responsible to the will of the people, thus
rejecting the prevalent plutocracies of the inherited aristocracies in
Europe at the time. However, sharp political debates broke out over the
level of democracy desirable in the new government, with a number of
Founders fearing mob rule.
The basic issues of national
governance were settled with the unanimous ratification in 1788 of the
Constitution of the United States (written in 1787), which replaced the
relatively weak Articles of Confederation (ratified 1781) that framed
the first attempt at a national government. In contrast to the loose
confederation, the Constitution established a relatively powerful
federated government. The United States Bill of Rights (1791),
comprising the first 10 constitutional amendments, quickly followed. It
guaranteed many natural rights that were so influential in justifying
the revolution, attempting to balance a strong national government with
relatively broad personal liberties. The American shift to
republicanism, and the gradually increasing democracy, caused an
upheaval of the traditional social hierarchy, and created the ethic
that has formed a core of political values in the United States.
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Plainview Texas Branch; Lubbock Stake Announcements;
Saturday, December 19th, 2009: Leadership @ Stake Center; Brother & Sister Beardsley Temple Marriage @ 3pm
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